What is a Volute Pump

Components

Coupling Hub &#; A coupling hub adapts the pump shaft to the coupling. Usually this is a disc coupling or a gear coupling rated for high speeds.

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Input Shaft &#; The pump shaft runs the length of the entire pump and is what all the impellers are attached to, as well as the coupling hub. The entire rotating assembly is suspended between the drive end and the non-drive end bearings.

Radial Bearings &#; Radial bearings support the pump shaft radially. In this case, the bearings are axially split sleeve bearings.

Thrust Bearing &#; Thrust bearings support the pump shaft axially. Although this pump is primarily hydraulically balanced, there are still axial forces as the pump operates at different speeds and pressures. In this case, the thrust bearing is a set of ball bearings. In some cases, a pivot shoe bearing (sometimes referred to as a tilt shoe bearing), such as a Kingsbury Thrust Bearing, is used.

Drive End Bearing Housing &#; This bearing housing supports the radial bearing closest to the coupling hub on the drive end of the pump.

Non-Drive End Bearing Housing &#; This bearing housing supports the radial bearing and thrust bearing on the thrust end (non-drive end) of the pump. This is often referred to as the thrust end bearing housing.

Mechanical Seal &#; The mechanical seal isolates the pressurized fluid from the atmosphere. The design consists of two very smooth surfaces gliding on each other which are held together with springs. One surface rotates with the shaft, and the other is stationary. In some cases, when leakage is not an issue, (such as when pumping potable water) rope packing is used instead of a mechanical seal.

Impellers &#; Fluid is drawn in the center of the impeller in an axial direction. Then, as the impeller rotates, the fluid is forced outward, in the radial direction, due to centrifugal force.

Casing Eye Wear Rings &#; Each impeller has a casing eye ring that is built to have a very tight clearance (0.001&#; to 0.020&#; depending on the fluid being pumped) with the outside of the impeller eye. This is because there is a pressure differential between the eye of the impeller and the outside of the impeller, and the casing ring limits the leakage of the fluid back to a lower pressure zone.

Casing Hub Wear Rings &#; Like the Casing Eye Wear Ring, the Casing Hub Wear Ring serves the same purpose, but on the hub side of the impeller.

Flow Diverters &#; These help direct the fluid into the eye of the impeller. Often, these are built into the Casing Eye Wear Ring.

Throat Bushings &#; The throat bushings are made to maintain positive pressure in the seal chamber and keep contaminants away from the mechanical seal surfaces.

Throttle Bushing &#; The throttle bushing is only required on the higher-pressure side of the pump. Its purpose is to isolate the mechanical seal from the pressure of the mid stage impeller. A balance line is usually used between the two seal chambers to make both mechanical seals operate at the same pressure, even though the drive end seal is on stage 1 and the non-drive end seal is on stage 4 (in the example above). The throttle bushing is also designed to help hydraulically balance the axial thrust load of the pump.

Center Bushing &#; The center bushing is positioned between stage 3 impeller and stage 6 impeller. This means that the pressure differential between one side of the center bushing and the other can be quite high. The center bushing is designed to help hydraulically balance the axial thrust load of the rotating assembly.

Pump Case &#; What is shown in this photo is only the bottom half of the pump case. An axially split centrifugal pump has a bottom half and a top half, clamped together by large studs and nuts with a gasket in the middle.

Clamping Studs &#; Attached to the bottom half and the top half of the pump case are clamping studs. These studs and nuts are torqued up to 10,000 ft lbs on large pumps to contain the pressure in the pump case.

Suction Port & Discharge Port &#; In a multistage, horizontal, axially split volute pump, the suction connection will always be in one of the four corners of the pump, and the discharge flange will always be in the middle (on either side).

Understanding the significance of dual volute turbochargers and how they differ from standard single volute turbos is a critical factor for optimizing engine efficiency and performance. This allows engineers and enthusiasts to make informed decisions in selecting the appropriate engine boosts to achieve the desired power output. So, what is a dual volute turbocharger, and how does a dual volute turbo work?

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In this article, we&#;ll elaborate on the innovative design of dual volute turbochargers, how they differ from standard turbochargers, and how they function. You can learn more about the benefits and advantages of dual volute turbos and how they improve engine efficiency and operational performance!

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What Is a Dual Volute Turbocharger?

A turbocharger, made of a turbine and compressor, is a device that increases an engine&#;s efficiency and power output by forcing additional compressed air into the combustion chamber within the vehicle. It extracts excess energy from the high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gases that would otherwise be squandered. This energy is then used to power the turbine, which increases the compressor's air intake.

So, what is a volute turbocharger? Unlike normal turbos, dual volute turbochargers incorporate a distinctive design where the turbine housing is divided into two separate volutes or circumferential passages. This allows the turbocharger to channel the exhaust gasses through two independent pathways, each powering exhaust pulsations into one half of the turbine wheel. 

Due to this manufacturing innovation, dual volute systems can optimize the timing and pressure of exhaust gas delivery. This enhances turbine efficiency and improves engine response, especially at low RPMs.

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How does a dual volute turbocharger work?

In comparison to standard turbochargers, the dual volute turbo operates by routing exhaust gasses through two distinct volutes integrated within the exhaust manifold. It is connected directly to the engine&#;s head. 

In specific configurations, such as with a four-cylinder engine, each volute directs the exhaust flow from its paired cylinders into its respective half. This allows better exhaust gas energy management and minimizes pulse interference while maximizing the utilization of exhaust energy, enhancing the turbo&#;s responsiveness.

Ultimately, the dual volute turbocharger&#;s innovative design separation ensures that the exhaust pulses are delivered to the turbine in a more refined and controlled manner. It results in improved engine performance, particularly noticeable in applications requiring quick throttle response and acceleration from lower engine speeds.

Benefits of Dual Volute Turbochargers

Incorporating dual volute turbochargers into your vehicle offers several key advantages that result in a slight edge over standard turbos with single volute designs. This includes the following:

Improved throttle responsiveness

The separation of exhaust pulses in dual volute turbos allows for more efficient energy transfer toward the turbine. Essentially, this leads to quicker acceleration. 

So, that is the time it takes pressure to build up to a level that spins the turbine in the turbo, meaning that the turbocharger reaches optimal performance speeds much faster. With dual volute turbos, you can experience less turbo lag and more power output when accelerating.

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Increased engine efficiency and performance

Dual volute turbochargers are renowned for minimizing energy loss from exhaust gasses and reducing backpressure due to their innovative design. This results in optimal engine performance and exceptional operational efficiency, leading to improved fuel economy and lower emissions.

Reduced exhaust pulsation interference

Unlike single volute turbochargers, where exhaust pulses can interfere with flows from different cylinders, the design of dual volute turbos ensures a smooth and consistent exhaust gas flow. This eliminates the risk of reduced turbine efficiency and promotes a more stable and efficient turbocharger process.

Potential for higher power generation

Dual volute turbochargers can achieve higher power outputs when compared to standard turbos because of the efficient use of exhaust gasses and improved responsiveness. This makes engines equipped with dual turbos ideal for performance enthusiasts and applications with critical higher power levels.

Conclusion

So, what is a dual volute turbocharger? It is an advanced device renowned for significantly enhancing engine efficiency and performance. It utilizes two separate pathways for exhaust gas flows, resulting in optimized turbine operation and fuel economy.

In comparison to standard single volute turbochargers, the dual volute turbo offers several key benefits including minimized exhaust pulse interference, improved throttle responsiveness, increased engine efficiency, and potential for higher power output. These benefits collectively lead to better engine balance and overall operational efficiency, making the dual turbo a superior choice.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of double volute casing. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.