What Is A Sealed Lead Acid Battery?

The sealed lead acid battery has gained immense popularity over the years, and many inquiries are received regarding its functions and applications. To streamline your understanding, this article addresses key questions pertaining to sealed lead acid batteries.

Defining Sealed Lead Acid Batteries

A sealed lead acid battery is a specific type of valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery. It is entirely rechargeable and designed based on a traditional lead acid framework. These batteries are made to be maintenance-free, eliminating the need for users to add water to the cells, and are also spill-proof. Notably, they can be installed in any orientation without the risk of leaking hazardous acid.

But what does the term 'valve regulated' imply? Each sealed lead acid battery is incorporated with a unique safety release valve. This valve functions as an emergency pressure relief mechanism that activates when there is an excess buildup of gases within the battery. During instances of high charging rates—especially overcharging—gases can accumulate in critical amounts, which might lead to ruptures. To prevent such issues, all sealed lead acid batteries come equipped with these essential pressure release valves.

Varieties of Sealed Lead Acid Batteries

Indeed, there are two primary types of sealed lead acid batteries available today: AGM and GEL batteries.

The AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) battery utilizes a specialized plating process that enhances the efficiency of the electrolyte in reaching the battery's lead plates. A finely woven mat made from glass fibers is placed amid the internal lead plates, allowing it to absorb and retain the optimal amount of electrolyte throughout the battery's life. This technology reduces the need for excessive electrolyte while enhancing overall battery performance.

On the other hand, GEL batteries, often confused with AGM types, utilize a gel-like mixture between the plates instead of conventional liquid electrolytes. This gel consists of silica fume combined with sulfuric acid, creating a stable gelified electrolyte. This innovative design minimizes internal corrosion, thereby extending the battery’s life when cared for properly.

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Construction Insights for Sealed Lead Acid Batteries

Sealed lead acid batteries have become the leading choice for various applications including UPS systems, automobiles, medical devices, and telecommunications. They consist of cells, each containing plates submerged in a diluted sulfuric acid electrolyte. A brief overview of their construction elements follows.

Terminals

Depending on the specific model, these batteries feature different terminal types such as AMP Faston terminals, post-type terminals, or heavy-duty flag terminals. Epoxy sealing materials are utilized to secure the terminals effectively.

Plates (Electrodes)

Modern technology allows for casting grids from a lead-calcium alloy devoid of antimony, enhancing the durability of the plates. The assembly includes lead dioxide paste, while the charged states exhibit porous structures for maximum capacity.

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Electrolyte Composition

The electrolyte in these batteries is an immobilized dilute solution of sulfuric acid, specifically H2SO4.

Relief Valve Functionality

In cases of excessive gas pressure buildup within the battery, the relief valve effectively releases the pressure, preventing potential damage or hazards.

Battery Separators

These batteries employ separators made from non-woven glass fiber cloth, offering superior electrolyte absorption and ion conductivity.

Container and Case Sealing

The casings are constructed from high-impact ABS resin, ensuring resistance to chemicals and flammability while also promoting non-conductivity.

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