Material 17-4: Stainless Steel Castings, Cargo System Component, Aerospace

Material 316: Stainless Steel Alloy Castings, Electrical

Stainless Steel Investment Castings

Stainless steel investment casting, also referred to as precision casting or lost wax casting, is a manufacturing process used to create complex metal parts in a wide range of shapes and sizes. It involves pouring molten stainless steel into a ceramic shell or mold, which is produced by coating a wax pattern with a ceramic material.

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit stainless steel precision casting.

Aero Metals Inc. has extensive experience producing high-volume stainless steel investment castings for a broad range of applications spanning various industries, including aerospace, marine, military, and more. Check out our featured cast parts gallery for prime examples of our stainless steel casting work.

What is Stainless Steel Investment Casting?

After the initial pour and once the ceramic material has solidified around the wax pattern, the wax is melted away, leaving a cavity in the ceramic shell. The molten stainless steel is then poured into this cavity, filling the mold and taking on the shape of the wax pattern. After the metal has cooled and solidified, the ceramic shell is removed, and the finished stainless steel part is cleaned, polished, and inspected for quality.

What are the Advantages of Stainless Steel Investment Casting?

Investment casting is known for producing high-precision parts with excellent surface finish. It is a good choice for applications where precision and aesthetics are essential, such as in the medical, aerospace, and automotive industries. Additional stainless steel benefits include:

• Corrosion resistance
• Impact resistance & strength
• Enhanced aesthetic value
• Cost-effective
• Ultra-hygienic
• Heat resistant
• Precision tolerances

Stainless Steel Investment Casting Material Composition

Stainless steel has a minimum chromium content of 10.5%, making it more resistant to corrosive liquid environments and oxidation. However, this is not absolute. Stainless steel investment castings are &#;corrosion-resistant&#; when used in fluid environments and vapors below °F (650°C) and &#;heat-resistant&#; when used above this temperature.

Stainless Steel Investment Casting Base Alloy Elements

The base alloy elements of any nickel-base or stainless steel casting are chromium, nickel, and molybdenum (or &#;moly&#;). These three components will determine the casting&#;s grain structure and mechanical prosperities and will be instrumental in the casting&#;s ability to combat heat and/or corrosion.

Differences Between Wrought & Cast Stainless Steel

The differences between wrought and cast versions of stainless steel are due to the material&#;s chemical compositions and micro-grain structure, which is affected by how the material is produced, cast, or extruded. These factors must be considered when choosing an alloy for your stainless steel investment casting metal project.

Precision Casting Stainless Steel Alloy Options

Aero Metal&#;s stainless steel investment castings are available in several series grades, including 300, 400, 14-4 PH, 15-5 PH, 17-4 PH, and .

Austenitic Stainless Steels Grades

(300 Series)

300 Series austenitic stainless steels are a set of iron-based chromium-nickel alloys. The specific alloy ideal for your application depends on required corrosion resistance, formability, wear, strength, temperature resistance, cost and additional factors. 

300 Series Stainless Steel (ANSI)

Steel Grade Industry Applications

• 303 (CF165)
• 304 (CF8)
• 304L (CF3)
• 309 (CH20)
• 310 (CK20)
• 316 (CF8M)
• 316L (CF3M)

• Medical
• Mining
• Food and Dairy
• Petrochemical
• Automotive
• Valves

 Learn more about Aero Metal's 300 Series Stainless Steel Casting Alloys.

Ferritic &

Martensitic Stainless Steel Grades (400 Series)

400 series stainless steel is a stainless steel alloy similar to 300 stainless steel. The main difference between these alloys and their associated grades is their chemical makeup and components. 400 SS includes both ferritic and martensitic steels. The best alloy for your application depends on the required corrosion resistance, formability, wear, strength, temperature resistance, cost, and additional factors.

400 Series Stainless Steel (ANSI)

Steel Grade

Industry Applications

• 410 (CA15)

• Automotive
• Machine tool
• Food and Dairy
• Petrochemical
• Firearms

• 416 (IC 416)

• 420 (CA40)

• 431 (IC 431)

• 440A (IC 440A)

• 440C (IC 440C)

Precipitation Hardening (PH)

(Martensitic Stainless Steel Grades)

Martensitic steel is a variation of stainless steel known for its high strength, hardness, and wear resistance. Martensitic stainless steel contains 10.5-18% chromium, which increases its corrosion resistance compared to other stainless steel alloys, including the 300 Series and 400 Series.

14-4 PH Series

Alloy Grade

Industry Applications

• AMS

• Military
• Medical
• Machine tool
• Hand Tools
• Aerospace

 

 

15-5 PH Series

Steel Grade Industry Applications

• ASTM A 747 CB 7Cu-2

• Military
• Medical
• Machine tool
• Hand Tools
• Aerospace

• AMS

• ASM

• ASM

• AMS

• AMS

 

17-4 PH Series

Steel Grade Industry Applications

• ASTM A 747 CB 7Cu-1

• Military
• Medical
• Machine tool
• Hand Tools
• Aerospace

• AMS /

• ASM

• ASM

• MIL-S- IC -17-4

Learn more about Aero Metal's Martensitic Stainless Steel Alloys. 

Austenitic and Ferritic (Duplex Stainless Steel Grades)

Austenitic and ferritic stainless steels are highly coveted for their enhanced strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steel contains at least 10.5 percent and 8 to 12 percent nickel, nitrogen, carbon, and many other elements in solution. Chromium gives the steel its high corrosion resistance, while nitrogen acts as a stiffening agent. 

Series

Steel Grade

Industry Applications

• X2CrNiMoN22-5-3

• Chemical processing & storage
• Oil & gas exploration
• Cargo tanks
• Food & dairy
• Marine Accessories

Learn more about Aero Metal's Austenitic Steel Alloys. 

Precision Casting Custom Pour Capabilities

At Aero Metals, we can custom pour any &#;air melted&#; stainless steel alloy to fit your stainless steel investment casting project requirements. If you don&#;t see your alloy of choice listed above, visit our Investment Casting Alloys page for more material options.

Industries that Utilize Stainless Steel Investment Castings

Premium stainless steel investment castings provide increased corrosion resistance, enhanced surface finishes, and improved detailing. Industries that commonly use stainless steel investment castings include:

• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Food Processing
• Desalination Plants
• Pump Manufacturers
• Machinery Producers
• Medical
• Mining
• Petrochemical
• Agriculture
• Energy

Contact Aero Metals for your Stainless Steel Casting Project Today

Using our on-site spectrometer, Aero Metals can help you find the right alloy to fit your stainless steel casting requirements. This device allows you to produce your own &#;specialty alloy&#; and enables you to change the chemistry to suit your application&#;s environment.

Request a quote today or contact Aero Metals for more information.

 

Suppose you want to manufacture a robust product. In that case, you sometimes need a specific component&#;with corrosion resistance, high dimensional accuracy, smooth surface finish, complex geometries, and a high level of detail.

If you don&#;t find it fast, you&#;ll struggle with higher maintenance costs, expensive machine downtime, and customer complaints.

Your solution might be stainless steel investment casting. They&#;re the go-to answer for many manufacturers.

What is stainless steel investment casting?

Stainless steel investment castings are components manufactured through the investment casting process.

This process begins with a wax pattern created using a 3D CAD model. The wax pattern is then used to create a ceramic mold. This mold is used to produce the stainless steel investment casting. (We&#;ll explain more in a moment).

What industries use stainless steel investment casting?

Stainless steel investment casting can produce good surface finishes, complicated shapes, a high level of detail, and corrosion resistance. These features are essential for many industries, including:

• Aerospace

• Automotive

• Food Processing

• Desalination Plants

• Pump Manufacturers

• Machinery Producers

• Medical

• Mining

• Petrochemical

• Agriculture

• Energy

What are some common parts made of investment castings?

Featured content:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Globe Valves

Are you interested in learning more about reliable stainless flange? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!

You can use the investment casting process to produce turbine blades, medical equipment, firearm components, jewelry, golf club heads, gears, pulleys, valve components, doorknobs, medical tooling and equipment, auto parts and components, airplane parts, kitchenware, utensils, cookware, gearbox cases, automotive cylinder heads, cylinder boxes, pipes, tubes, assemblies, plus many other machine components &#; anything with complex geometry benefits from this technology. 

Check out this TFG investment cast Chain Sprocket used in the logging industry.

Who profits most from investment castings?

You&#;ll get the most significant advantage from using investment castings if your part:

• has a complicated shape that would be difficult or impossible to produce with other casting methods

• requires exceptional surface qualities

• needs tight tolerances

• prefers minimal surface finishing or machining after casting.

What are the benefits of stainless steel investment casting?

Stainless steel is a common material for industrial and commercial castings because it offers excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making it long-lasting in harsh environments.

The Federal Group (TFG) has extensive experience manufacturing stainless steel investment castings from various alloys to get you the corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and part geometries that perform best in your application. You&#;ll derive the following benefits:

• Corrosion resistance

  &#;for

  fasteners

  in demanding environments.

• Heat resistance

  &#;outstanding performance at elevated temperatures.

• Precision tolerances

  &#;not possible with other manufacturing processes.

• High level of detail

  &#;including fine undercuts and threads.

• Superior surface finish

  &#;as good as or better than machined parts.

How does the investment casting process work?

Investment casting is thousands of years old. &#;Investment&#; refers to the mold being filled or invested with metal. Investment casting was initially used to produce decorations, religious figures, and jewelry. Today, this process makes intricate parts for many industries with brilliant, smooth finishes out of solid and corrosion-resistant metals.  Here are the steps:

1. Create the pattern. The pattern defines the geometry of the finished part. It&#;s made of wax. Typically the wax is molded in a metal die created using a 3D CAD model. But, for very short runs, we can machine the wax directly.
2. Build the tree.

   We attach several wax patterns to a wax rod to create a tree structure.

3. Make the shell.

   We dip the tree into a ceramic slurry and allow it to dry. Several dipping and drying cycles are used to build a robust ceramic shell for the rest of the process.

4. Remove the wax.

   The shell is turned upside down and heated. The wax runs out (that&#;s why it&#;s sometimes called

   lost wax casting

   ). Then the shell goes into a high-temperature furnace to burn off any remaining wax and to strengthen the shell.

5. Cast the metal.

   Molten metal is poured into the shell. The tree we built in the second step defines where the metal goes. Now a metal part exists where each pattern used to be.

6. Remove the shell

   . The ceramic shell is broken away, leaving the tree structure&#;now only of metal

7. Finish the parts.

   Parts are carefully cut from the metal tree structure. These parts are ground, polished, and machined into the final form.

8. Inspect the parts.

   Dimensional inspection and non-destructive testing (NDT) are performed to guarantee conformance to all required specifications.

How does investment casting compare to other forms of casting?

Your goal as a manufacturing professional is to develop a part that produces the desired function, has the desired appearance, conforms to customer requirements, and has the lowest final cost at a given production volume.

Here&#;s how investment casting compares to three other metal casting processes: 

• Investment Casting:

  excellent (tight) tolerances, excellent surface finish, suited for low to medium volumes. Uses a precision ceramic mold.

• Shell Mold Casting:

  fair tolerances, good surface finish, suited for medium volumes. Uses heat-bonded sand patterns and cores.

• Greensand Casting:

  poor tolerances, fair surface finish, suited for low-medium volumes. Uses a clay-like substance to bond sand particles together.

• Permanent Mold Casting:

  good tolerances, very good surface finish, suited for medium to high volumes. Uses a permanent mold (generally made of steel or cast iron) reused repeatedly.

The information above aims to give you an overview of the process. The complexity of your part and the alloy you need will help you determine your best choice.

Visit our investment casting capabilities page for more information.

Which investment casting manufacturers are best?

Pick a manufacturer not tied to any one metal fabrication technology&#;one that has a team to guide you through your entire decision-making journey.

Find one that will help you balance out tooling and labor costs against the mechanical and aesthetic requirements of the part&#;a team of experts to help you understand the lowest final cost of the component at a given production volume.

TFG can help you &#;do the math.&#;

FAQs

Why do they call it &#;investment&#; casting?

Investment means to envelop or surround. The ceramic slurry surrounds the wax pattern to produce the casting mold. So that&#;s how we get the name investment casting.

Why is precision investment casting so expensive?

Tooling and labor costs are moderate and high, mainly due to the time consumed for the dip-and-dry cycles for the ceramic slurry.

But, if you need complex part geometries and excellent surface finishes, investment casting will give you what you need without spending time and money on extensive post-casting finishing operations.

It&#;s a balancing act, but many manufacturing professionals recognize the benefits of stainless steel investment castings.

Contact TFG to help you understand and weigh all the factors.

How do I find the right investment casting supplier?

Partner with a supplier who has the heart of a teacher&#;someone who can help you learn the pros and cons of the many metal fabrication technologies&#;the costs and the benefits. Then you can make your own informed decision and pick a solution that satisfies both your accounting department and your customer.

Leverage our technical abilities by tapping into our contract manufacturing engineering and manufacturing support.

Let The Federal Group be your sounding board so you can make your best decision.

Invest in your future. Learn more&#;

Whether you&#;re exploring options for a new product or you have an existing product that you&#;d like to put into production, The Federal Group USA can help you with your next stainless steel investment casting project. We&#;ve provided high-quality metal fabrication services to a wide variety of industries for more than 40 years. Contact us today to request a quote.

The company is the world’s best stainless steel ball valve made in china supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.