Choosing the Right Battery

When choosing a battery, you should consider the following characteristics:

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• The battery capacity in milliampere-hours (mAh) (calculation method provided below).
• The voltage, which is dictated by the materials used for the electrodes and can range from 3.2 to 4 V for lithium batteries and from 1.2 to 2 V for others.
• The operating temperature.
• The size and shape of the battery.
• The type of use.
• The price.

All batteries have two common characteristics:

• Their voltage, expressed in volts (V): rechargeable batteries are generally 12 V. For larger cells with voltages of 12 V, 24 V or 48 V, separate 2 V cells are used, intended to be assembled in series, and which have a lifespan of about 10 years.
• Their capacity, expressed in ampere-hours (Ah): to increase it, several batteries must be connected in parallel.

When you multiply the voltage by the capacity, you get the amount of electricity stored in kilowatt-hours (kWh). For example: A 12 V – 100 Ah battery theoretically contains 12 x 100 = 1,200 Wh = 1.2 kWh.

Depending on these characteristics, you will have to choose the technology, or battery type, and chemical composition: lead-acid, nickel or lithium. There isn't one battery technology that's better than the others. Each type of battery has its own strengths and weaknesses, and it is up to the operators of battery-requiring applications to choose the one that best meets their requirements.

Batteries have a predetermined lifespan and number of cycles depending on the climate (ambient temperature) and type of use (depth of discharge). In order to increase their lifespan and optimize their operation, it is advisable to follow the storage and use recommendations.

Solar panels are an excellent way to harness free, clean energy from the sun for personal use or to contribute to the grid for greater savings on your utility bill. However, attaching a battery bank is what truly grants you energy independence.

Without solar batteries, even a house covered in photovoltaic panels can leave homeowners without power when the grid fails.

"Something that people don't consider is that if they're on natural gas and the power goes out in the winter, they think their heater will work, but most have an electric fan, so if the power goes out, you still need something," said Mike Murphy, owner of Utah-based PrepSOS, which sells solar batteries, generators, and other emergency preparedness equipment.

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Batteries are the key component that ensures your home can always stay lit and warm, and that vital electronics such as medical equipment continue functioning. Depending on your location, they might even save you extra money by returning energy to the grid when it's more valuable.

All these benefits come at a cost, and navigating through the specifications to find the right match for your needs can be a complex task. Here's a concise primer on what you need to know before shopping for independence in a box.