Benefits of using nursery trays - SEEDLING TRAYS

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The nursery trays are usually filled with soil or any other suitable growing medium, the soil or growing substrate is used to hold the seedlings in the nursery trays.

A nursery tray also called seedlings tray is a gardening tool in the form of a container with compartments used for the nursing and growing of seedlings.

Isiaka also increased his yield to 31.2 tons per hectare, partly because he used nursery trays and coco peat to raise his tomato seedlings.

We suggested the use of nursery trays and coco peat. Isiaka recorded only 0.8% loss in his tomato seedlings when he used nursery trays, recall; he records about 30% seedlings&#; loss when he used soil based ridges.

Isiaka contacted us that he loses about 30% of his tomato seedlings every year due to the fact that he raises his seedlings on soil based ridges. We investigated and found out that the main reasons for the loss of his tomato seedlings are transplant shock and diseases infestation due to nematodes.

Isiaka usually records a yield of about 2 tons per hectare due to poor seedlings raising practices and other poor agronomic practices.

Isiaka has been a tomato farmer in Iseyin, Oyo state for 25 years. He plants tomato on about 5 hectares every year.

Nursery trays produce healthy and fast growing seedlings. When healthy seedlings are transplanted, they can yield better than seedlings gotten from the conventional soil based nursery.

The reduced risk of transplant shock when nursery trays are used can lead a reduced incidence of diseases. The roots of seedlings are not disturbed when you use seedlings trays for the raising of seedlings; this also reduces the risk of diseases.

Nursery trays ensure increased plant growth. In nursery trays, moisture and nutrients level can be controlled, this makes it possible to enhance the growth of the seedlings. Seedlings grown in nursery trays are usually healthy.

Nursery trays can be stacked on one another; this makes it possible for a farmer to use a small space to grow thousands of seedlings. This is not possible if you use the conventional soil based nursery.

The use of nursery trays ensures the easy removal of seedlings from the trays; this reduces the labour time needed for transplantation.

The use of nursery trays for seedlings reduces transplant shock. Transplanting from conventional soil based nurseries often lead to a loss of a lot of seedlings due to transplant shock. The use of nursery trays makes the roots of seedlings remain intact during transplantation; this eventually leads to a reduced risk of transplant shock.

The following are the benefits of using seedlings&#; trays for seedlings in Nigeria:

The benefits of using nursery trays include reduced disease outbreak, enhanced productivity, reduced transplant shock and labour efficiency etc.

A nursery tray is a container like equipment used for the planting of seeds and raising of seedlings. A nursery tray is usually used to raise vegetables&#; seedlings. In Nigeria, nursery trays are usually used to raise tomato seedlings, pepper seedlings and cucumber seedlings etc.

Having a successful farm or garden starts with proper planning and preparation, and that includes choosing the right tools and supplies. One of the most important tools for starting plants is the seed tray.

There are several types of seed trays available, and each one has its own benefits and uses. In this article, we will explore the different types of seed trays and how to use each of them effectively.

 

ADVANTAGES TO STARTING SEEDS IN CELL TRAYS VS. LARGER POTS OR SOIL BED?

Starting seeds in cell trays, especially in the larger ones, gives the grower the advantage of being able to start more seedlings in their growing space. This is especially handy for row crops where the grower may want to plant 100 or more of each variety.

Growing this many seedling starts in larger seed pots would take up way too much space. The other advantage is that you will waste less growing media starting out your seeds and then up-potting the successfully germinated starts into new pots.

 

PARTS OF A SEED TRAY

There are two basic parts to a seed tray, one of which is optional:

• Tray &#; this is the top part that holds soil, individual containers (pots), or a cell flat. When used with a cell flat, the tray is used for watering from below.

• Cell flat (plug flat) &#; this is the optional lower part. This is the part that holds the water to keep you from watering the seedlings very frequently.

 

TYPES OF SEED TRAYS

seedling trays come in different forms, including mesh seed trays, solid seed trays with drainage holes, and solid seed trays without drainage holes (leak-proof seed trays).

Mesh Seed Trays

A mesh seed tray is a type of seed tray that allows air, water, and light to pass through it while also providing support and protection to seedlings as they grow. It typically consists of a frame made of durable plastic or wire mesh, with a tray or pot placed inside it to hold the soil and seeds.

Mesh seed trays are specifically designed for seed starting, and they are often used in commercial and home gardens to start seedlings before transplanting them into larger containers or into the ground. They are also commonly used for microgreen production, which is the practice of growing germinated seeds into small, edible plants that are harvested a few weeks after germination.

By allowing air, water, and light to pass through, mesh seed trays help to reduce the risk of damping off, a disease that can kill young seedlings. They also allow for better drainage, reducing the risk of root rot and other diseases associated with overwatering.

Where to buy:

Amazon

Shopee

Lazada

 

Cell Seed Tray

A cell seed tray is composed of small, individual cells, each of which is typically about 5 to 10 millimeters wide, long, and deep. The cells are arranged in a grid-like pattern, with rows and columns, and they're separated from each other by small walls. Cell seed trays are often used for growing seedlings, particularly when growing crops in a commercial setting.

Cell seed trays are beneficial because they allow for efficient and convenient seedling production.

The small cells allow for even distribution of water and nutrients to the sprouts, and they provide a secure and stable base for the seedlings to grow and mature. This makes it easier to transplant them into larger containers or directly into the ground, and it decreases the risk of damage to the seedlings.

Overall, cell seed trays are a versatile and efficient tool for growing seedlings and they're a popular choice for commercial growers or those who want to start their own miniature farm.

Where to buy:

Amazon

Shopee

Lazada

 

Solid Seed Trays with Drainage Holes

Solid seed trays with drainage holes allow for adequate drainage, making them suitable for planting multiple seeds together in one place.

The drainage holes prevent the soil from becoming saturated with water and promote healthy root growth. However, the lack of individual cells makes it impossible to move seedlings to separate containers once they grow larger.

Where to buy:

Amazon

Shopee

Lazada

 

Solid seed trays without drainage holes

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Leak-Proof Seedling Trays. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

Solid seed trays without drainage holes (leak-proof seed trays) do not allow for any drainage at all. They are best used for holding cell flats and allowing for bottom watering. By holding water, the tray can be used to catch excess water from watering seeds, or to water seeds from below.

WHERE TO BUY:

Amazon

Shopee

Lazada

 

Seed Tray With a Humidity Dome

A seed tray with a humidity dome is a growing system that provides an ideal environment for seed germination and early plant growth. It consists of a seed tray, which is a tray with small, individual cells or pots, and a humidity dome, which is a clear plastic cover that fits over the tray.

The humidity dome creates a warm, moist environment that is essential for seed germination and early plant growth. The cover traps moisture and moisture-laden air around the seedlings, providing them with a consistent supply of water. This can be particularly beneficial during dry periods or when the air is particularly dry.

Seed trays with humidity domes are particularly useful for growing plants that require a warm and humid environment, such as tomatoes, peppers, and other vegetables. They are also popular for growing herbs, flowers, and other outdoor plants.

WHERE TO BUY:

Amazon

Shopee

Lazada

 

Biodegradable Seed Trays

Biodegradable seed trays are the environmentally friendly solution to traditional, plastic seed trays.

Instead of being made from synthetic materials that can take hundreds of years to decompose, biodegradable seed trays are made from natural materials such as recycled paper, biodegradable plastic, or plant-based materials.

These innovative trays provide all the benefits of traditional seed trays, including protection for seedlings and support for roots, but with the added bonus of being gentle on the environment. Biodegradable materials are non-toxic and they won't pollute the soil or water systems when they're discarded.

Biodegradable seed trays are a great choice for gardeners who want to reduce their environmental impact while still nurturing their plants. They're also an excellent choice for commercial growers who need to minimize their waste output and meet sustainability goals.

WHERE TO BUY:

Amazon

Shopee

Lazada

 

Ergonomic Pop-out Seed Tray

An ergonomic pop-out seed tray is a growing tray designed for the comfort and productivity of gardeners.

Soft food-grade silicone cells cradle seedlings and gently flex to pop out when it&#;s time to transplant into your outdoor garden! This system is specially designed to reduce stress on your seedlings, so you don't damage their roots. After transplanting, trays are easy to clean and reuse or simply store for next growing season. Top shelf dishwasher safe.

The tray is made from lightweight, durable materials that are easy to clean. These trays are a popular choice among commercial growers and home gardeners who want to maximize their seedling production while minimizing their physical strain.

Where to buy:

Amazon

 

SO WHAT KIND OF TRAY SHOULD YOU USE?

Quickly review some of these seed starting questions.

• Are you growing a large number of one variety of plants for transplanting row crops?

• Are you planting smaller numbers of a wide variety of plants?

• Will you be planting your crops all at once, or will you be using the succession planting method?

• What type of seeds will you be planting? Peppers, tomatoes, lettuce, watermelon, etc.?

• How large are the seeds?

• How long will your seedlings need to stay in the cell trays?

• Will you be potting up your plant starts or planting out directly from the plug trays?

• How much protected growing space do you have to start seeds in?

• Will you use a heat mat or a dome or rely on ambient temperatures and humidity for germination?

 

HOW LONG CAN PLANTS STAY IN THE CELL TRAY?

Most seedlings can stay in cell trays for at least 4 weeks. The larger the cell volume, the longer a plant can grow before it becomes root-bound.

Plants grown in a 200 cell tray will typically need to be potted up or transplanted outside once they have a full set of true leaves. Plants grown in a 32-cell insert pot can be kept in protected conditions for 6-8 weeks.

Plastic Seed Trays Plastic seed trays are one of the most popular types of trays for starting plants. They are lightweight, durable, and easy to clean. They come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and are a budget-friendly option.

WATERING TIP

Yes. It is possible to overwater seedlings growing in cell trays. A common mistake growers make though is to leave water in the bottom of a plug tray at all times. This will eliminate your seedling&#;s ability to get oxygen.

Bottom-watering can be properly done by adding just enough water to allow the cell tray to evenly absorb it during the watering and no more. You want to discard the excess water as it will become stagnant and invite anaerobic bacteria to wreak havoc on your newly established seedlings.

Meaning Seed Tray

The seed tray is also known as Nursery Tray, seed starter tray, seed plant tray, or germination tray. The Nursery trays are flat, rectangular, and hollow which could be plastic, clay, or ceramics used for growing seedlings.

The starter tray is filled with good loony soil or gardener soil, and the seeds are sown on the tray, Immediately after sowing the seeds, the plant is watered and the seed nursery trays should be placed in a cool warm place for the seed to germinate.  

 These nursery tools are constructed for nursing seeds until they are big enough to be transplanted into the permanent field. The nursery trays are used to manage young seedlings until they are mature or strong enough before being transplanted into the main field, making farming more effective, efficient, and successful.

The nursery tray remains one of the most important tools in the agricultural industry for growing seedlings effectively, improving productivity, increasing growth, and farming easier.

These tools are used for raising seedlings of agricultural crops such as garden eggs, tomatoes, pepper, cucumbers, amaranthus, etc. This tray comes with numerous holes or cells for growing many types of crop seedlings. One tray can allow farmers to nurse many seeds in trays. The seed tray can be plastic or clay but the polythene tray is very popular in agriculture.

More so, the seed tray comes in different colors such as purple, gray, and black but the black nursery is very popular and contains numerous holes at the base for water drainage so as to avoid waterlogging.   

Examples of Crops that can be Nursed or Raised on Seed Tray

1. Watermelon: Citrullus lanatus, L
2. Tomatoes: lycopersicum esculentum
3. Lettuce: Lactuca sativa
4. Garden eggs: Solanum melongena
5. Pepper: Capsicum annuum
6. Sunflowers: Helianthus annuus
7. Vine Crops: Vitis vinifera
8. Cabbage: Brassica oleracea
9. Amaranthus: Amaranthus spp
10. Squash:  Cucurbita maxima

Nursery or Seed Tray Sizes

Different types of trays with various sizes are available in the market for nursing agricultural crops. here are some of the seed trays with their various sizes:

1. Small Seed Trays:  these are small plant nursery starters used for nursing food crops such as garden eggs, tomatoes, peppers, Sunflowers, Vine Crops, Cole Crops, cucumbers, amaranthus, Squash, etc. The plant nursery starter has holes that help to drain excess water from the tray to avoid waterlogging. These plant seed trays contain 1 to 50 cell holes. These types of trays are excellent for sowing large seed crops.     
2. Medium Seed Trays: These trays are suitable for growing crops such as Sunflowers, Peppers, Vine Crops, Lettuce, etc. These plant trays are larger than the small seed trays. Their tray cell ranging 50 to 100 holes.   The plant nursery starter has holes that help to drain excess water from the tray to avoid waterlogging.
3. Standard Seed Strays: the standard nursery trays contain cells ranging from 100 to 150 plating holes. such as nursing or sowing crops such as Lettuce, Flowers, Herbs, Cole Crops, etc. These plant propagation trays are larger than the small trays.  These trays have a lid for effective holding. The plant nursery starter has holes that help to drain excess water from the tray to avoid waterlogging
4. Extra Large Seed Trays/ Starter:  the extra-large seed planting tray has planting cells ranging from 200 Cells and more. The extra-large trays are mostly used by commercial farmers and in hydroponic for nursing agricultural corps before transplanting the seedlings to large farms.

Importance / Benefits of Using Seed Trays in Agriculture

The importance of using a tray in raising agricultural crops cannot be underestimated some notable benefits of using a propagation tray are discussed below.

1. Improved Germination Rates: sowing seed in the seed starter helps to provide seedlings with the needed care and management for optimal germination compared to the Seed sown on seedbed soil. The propagation tray enables farmers to provide a conducive environment where plants receive adequate moisture, temperature, and light which are the important requirements needed by seeds for effective and efficient germination.  When seeds are nursed or cultivated on a seedbed even when given adequate management the germination rate cannot be compared to that of the seed starter.
2. Reduced Transplant Shock: plants sowed on the tray are easy, and simple to remove from the tray to the permanent field compared to those planted on the seedbed. Since the seeds are planted on the cells of the trays with soil, the plants are easily pulled out of the tray without necessary digging, and cutting of the roots like those sown on the seedbeds. Transplanting on the tray is more of the bull method of transplanting which keeps both soil and root together even when transplanted to the main field. Since the root is still intact with the soil, hence the plant feels as if it is still in the tray and takes off immediately while those planted on the seedbeds may delay in taking off due to the shock of uprooting them from the soil.
3. Efficient Use of Space: An uncultivated area of land that was originally not met for farming can be converted to raising seedlings with the help of the stray. The seedling trays are placed in these utilized spaces with each cell filled with loamy soil for optimal seed germination. The tray helps farmers to grow a relative number of young seedlings from a small space.
4. Ease Use and Maintenance.  The propagation tray is more easy and reliable to use in nursing seedlings. It involves packing mixed soil into the cells of the tray and placing seeds in cool areas. The nursery tools can easily be maintained as it is not difficult to wash and clean.
5. Reusable: Trays of various types can be reused after thorough cleaning and washing, after a particular nursing season, the tray can be reused in the next seasons provided the tray is in good condition. 
6. Uniform Germination: since the seeds sown on the propagation trays are provided with correct management, it becomes possible to obtain uniform seed germination. 
7. Protection from Harsh Climatic Conditions: the use of plant trays enables the farmer to protect young seedlings from poor and harsh climatic conditions. The nursed plants are placed in screen houses or a well-protected environment. The tray helps to reduce the negative effects of temperature, rainfall, and light on the plants.
8. Ease of Pest and Disease Control: Seed cultivated on the plant trays can be effectively cared for in terms of pests, and disease control and management. Disease and pest infestation can easily be identified since inspection and monitoring are high under this system of raising crops.
9. Avenue for effective Monitoring: the plant tray provides an opportunity for farmers to monitor the successes of the various types of crops cultivated. The weak and unhealthy plants can easily be identified. Transparent plant trays also exist which can help the farmers to observe the general performance of the seedling.
10. Optimal Drainage: The plant tray has multiple drainage holes at the base that help to remove access irrigated water from the container so as to avoid waterlogged and root rot.

Types of Seed / Nursery Trays

There are different types of nursery trays used in sowing various types of crops on the farm. The most commonly used trays are:

The Plastic Seed Tray.

These are nursery trays made of polyethylene used for nursing or sowing young seedlings. The plastic seed tray can be transparent or unclear pots. These trays are designed in various colours, and form the most commonly used types of nursery trays used in the garden for the cultivation of crops.  These types of trays come in various sizes such as small, medium, large, and standard. The

Advantage of the Plastic Seed Tray.

 The advantages of the plastic seed trays are:

1. The plastic seed starters are budget-friendly,
2. it is lightweight,
3. it is highly durable,
4. it provides an avenue for effective monitoring,
5. the plastic tray is very easy to wash and clean.

Disadvantages of the Plastic Seed Tray

1. it is more expensive compared to direct sowing
2.  it can easily break left in the sun for a long period.

Clay/Peat or Paper Tray

 These are nursery trays made of clay or paper designed for nursing seedlings. The clay trays are designed like that of the plastic trays with various drainage holes. The clay tray is very heavy and cannot carried from one place to another. These trays are biodegradable and environment friendly

Advantage of the Clay/Peat or Paper Tray

The various advantages of the Clay/Peat or Paper Tray are:

1. They are  biodegradable
2. They are environmentally or eco-friendly
3. The environment looks like natural soil
4. The rate of aeration is high

Disadvantages of the Clay/Peat or Paper Tray

1. it is more expensive compared to plastics
2. it is not easily accessible
3. it is too heavy to carry
4. it can easily creak due to frequent wetting and drying.

General Advantages of the Nursery/ Seed Tray

The advantages of using these types of Seed Trays are stated below:

1. The plant trays help to grow crops that are healthy and free from diseases.
2. The seed starter helps to reduce transplant shock
3. propagation tray helps improve crop uniformity in the nursery or main field
4. It provides Avenues for effective Monitoring of seedlings on the farm.  
5. It improves the germination rate of seeds in the garden
6. It improves the survival rate of seeding on the permanent field or main field
7. It encourages maximum use of planting space
8. It helps to protect crops from harsh climatic conditions
9. The propagation tray helps to prevent waterlogging due to the presence of drainage hole
10. It helps to save cost of production by reducing the amount of resources spent in the supply of seedling

Disadvantages of the Nursery/ Seed tray

The disadvantages of the nursery tray are listed below;

1. It is expensive to purchase when compared with  seedbed
2. Number of seedlings raised in the tray is lower than those raised in the seedbed.
3. Require constant water/irrigation
4. Require constant monitory of seed compared to the seedbed
5. The rate of aeration is low in the seed tray.

Factors to be considered in the selection of Seed/ nursery Trays.

Different crops require different types of nursery trays, hence choosing the right tray is vital for the success of the nursery. Therefore following factors should be considered when selecting a nursery tray.  

1. Nature of Crops: the types of crops to be cultivated determine the selection of the tray to be used, the types of trays for the creeping plant are different from those of the erect plant.
2. Size of the Farm: the size of the farm determines the size of the plant tray to be selected. Large areas of land require a high number of seedlings, hence the extra-large trays tray should selected. Small areas of land require a small amount of seedlings, hence small-size trays are required.
3. Durability: the nursery tray selected for raising seedlings should be durable, nursery trays are usually placed in areas where the plant can receive sunlight. If a weak tray is used, it might be easily destroyed. Nursery is a continuous process and it is used for all year-round production of seedlings. The tray selected should be such that can easily reused. Easily damaged trays should be avoided.
4. Cell Size: the nursery plant tray cell size is another factor to be considered when Choosing a seedling tray.  Large cell sizes give large spacing, while small cell sizes give small spacing between and within plants. Large cell trays produce small numbers of seedlings while small cell trays give a reasonable amount of space with thing seedlings.
5. Water Drainage: The plant tray used for nursing seed should contain a reasonable number of drainage holes. The drainage hole helps to remove access water from the tray to detour waterlogging.
6. Price: the tray to be used should be cheap and affordable. Choose propagation trays that are budget-friendly, costly seed trays will increase the cost of production, While considering the financial implication of the tray to be selected emphasis should be placed on durability and sizes.

How to Water Seed Trays in the Nursery

Watering seeds or seedlings in the nursery tray may not be as simple as it looks, using a high-volume waterer may lead to washing away of the seed or damaged seedling.  The following tips will help farmers water their seedings in the tray effectively:

1. Select a good sprayer or waterer (such Knapsack sprayer and mini watering can or sprinkler)
2. Calibrate the knapsack nozzle or waterer
3. Spray the water gently in the form of mist or dew on the seeds or seedlings.
4. Water until the soil has become moist
5. Make sure that the soil is not waterlogged as waterlog soil will lead to root rot
6. Water two times daily i.e. morning and cool evening.

How to Transplant seedling from the Seed Trays

Transplanting of seedlings from the seed starter tray requires some skills. It is paramount to follow some predetermined steps to ensure adequate and effective transplanting.  The following tips will help farmers transplant seeding in the tray effectively:

1. Transplanting when the seedling has developed true leaves or is about 15 to 20cm tall
2. Carry out Harden off to enable seedlings to acclimatize to the environment similar to that of the main field ( this is done by carefully exposing the plant to direct temperature and situation similar to the main field so as to reduce transplant shock
3. The transplanting should be done in the morning or late in the evening
4. Use a home and small garden fork to lose the soil between the trays.
5. Carefully remove the plant with soil (bull of earth method) from the tray with your hand.
6.  The transplanted young seedlings should arrange with the root of the seed downward while they shoot upward on the wheelbarrow or head pan.
7. Move the transplanted seedlings to the required field.
8. Follow the crop production or planting requirement

How to Use the Seed Tray in Nursing Seed

Using the nursery trays in nursing seeds may not be as simple as you think, it requires some critical steps as wrong cultivation may lead to the poor germination of seeds. Many beginning farmers may not have an in-depth understanding of how to grow seeds using the plant tray. The following tips will enable beginning farmers and young farmers to make maximum use of the tray.

1. Select Viable Seed: the seed to be selected should be viable. Pest and diseased-infested seeds should be avoided. The seed appearance should be shiny as this will increase the germination rate.  
2. Select Good and Sizable Tray: this is another step in the usage of the nursery tray. A good and sizeable seed starter tray should be selected. The tray should have good drainage to avoid waterlogging. The seed tray can also be disinfected to prevent the infestation of pests and diseases.
3. Fill the Seed Tray Cell with Loamy Soil: fertile soil should be used to fill each of the Compartments of the tray. The cell of the tray should not be filled to the brim, a small space should be left at the top. Make sure that the soil is not highly acidic or alkaline. However many plants tolerate low acidity and alkalinity. High acidity is not advisable for the cultivation of seeds.
4.  Treat Seed: the seeds to be cultivated should be treated with the required agrochemical before planting. The seed should be soaked in a solution of pesticides or other pathogen disease control solutions. This will ensure the production of disease-free seeds or seedlings.
5. Sow the Seeds: the treated seed should be gently planted on the starter tray and covered with sand slightly. Small seeds like amaranthus, tomatoes, and pepper should be broadcasted or gently placed on the top of containers, and large seeds like watermelon and cucumber should be pressed down with the aid of fingers and covered slightly with soil.
6. Irrigate or Water the Seeds regularly: the seeds should be watered frequently. Use a knapsack or waterer or good sprinkler that can gently spray water in the form of mist or dew to the plant. The seed should watered or irrigated morning and in the cool evening. The water should be evenly distributed and ensure that all the seedlings receive enough water.
7. Expose the Seed Tray to Light and Temperature: the propagation tray with planted seed should be placed in a warm and cool area. Ensure that the seeds are exposed to adequate temperature sunlight temperature and relative humidity are necessary for seed germination.
8. Effect Monitor: the seed germination will start 4-7 days after planting, it is advisable to check the trays frequently daily. When monitoring seeds on the trays, weak and damaged plants should be removed. The farm should be irrigated or watered regularly to avoid drying cells the soil should remain moist but not waterlogged.
9. Carry Pest and Disease Control: these may not be necessary if there are no symptoms of pest and disease outbreaks. But is advisable to spray disease-preventing drugs on the crop under cultivation to ensure healthy plants, this is because hidden sicknesses that may not yet manifest in the nursery may be displayed in the main field, to avoid this, the plant is treated to prevent disease outbreaks.
10. Apply fertilizer: Fertilizer application is very necessary for the young seedling. Fertilizer should be done once after the seed has fully germinated, this will ensure vigorous growth and a healthy plant. Choose the required fertilizer for that particular crop under cultivation, inorganic fertilizers like NPK at a small dose will help to boost growth.
11. Carry out Harden off Seedlings: it is very necessary to carry out hardening off in young seedlings before transplanting, hardening off is the process of exposing seedlings to control harsh environmental conditions similar to those of the permanent field. The seedling should be exposed gradually to harsh weather such as sunlight, rainfall, and wind  for about a week before transplanting, this will help them adapt to the new environment
12. Transplant Seedlings: transplanting should be done when seedlings are about 15 to 30cm, or when seedlings have developed true leaves. It should be done in the morning or cool evening of the day, small garden fork or kitchen fork should be used to remove the seedling with earth (bull of earth methods) into simple farm stools like a head pan, or wheelbarrow to the permanent field for onward planting.

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