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When discussing induction motors, it's crucial to understand that the coil must move through a magnetic field to generate current flow within the coil.

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For this process to occur, there must be a relative speed difference between the magnetic field and the coil.

This speed difference makes the motor rotate at a slightly slower speed than the synchronous speed.

This deviation from the synchronous speed is called slip and is represented by the symbol 's'. Slip 's' is calculated using the formula:

N: Rotor rotating speed [rpm] NS: Synchronous rotating speed [rpm]

Slip is typically expressed as a percentage. For a power induction motor operating under the rated load, the slip is usually between 2 to 3%. For smaller single-phase motors, this value tends to be somewhat higher.

Who invented the induction motor?

Nikola Tesla is credited with the invention of the induction motor over a century ago. At just 21 years old, he sought a more efficient and reliable alternative to the costly and underpowered motors of his time. Interestingly, the power generators at Niagara Falls operate entirely on Tesla’s invention. Today, Tesla's patented AC motor system remains widely used in most electric motors.

Types of induction motors and their applications

Induction motors are divided into two primary types: single-phase and three-phase induction motors, with further distinctions based on their starting mechanisms.

Single-phase induction motors

Single-phase induction motors rely on a single-phase AC current to supply the primary winding, producing a pulsating magnetic field. Not self-starting, these motors are manufactured in large quantities for residential, commercial, and industrial use. The four types of single-phase induction motors are:

• Split phase induction motor
• Capacitor-start induction motor
• Capacitor-run induction motor
• Shaded pole induction motor

Applications of single-phase induction motors

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Single-phase induction motors are prevalent in domestic, commercial, and light industrial settings due to their cost-effectiveness and suitability for lower power demands. Common applications include:

• Pumps
• Compressors
• Small fans
• Mixers
• Toys
• High-speed vacuums
• Electric shavers
• Drilling machines

Three-phase induction motors

Three-phase induction motors are self-starting and do not require a starting device like their single-phase counterparts. In a three-phase system, three wires provide the same voltage, but each phase is ramped up. These motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and are divided into:

• Squirrel cage motors
• Slip ring motors

Applications of three-phase induction motors

Three-phase induction motors are used predominantly for commercial and industrial purposes. They are ideal for higher-power applications such as:

• Lifts
• Cranes
• Hoists
• Large exhaust fans
• Lathe machines
• Crushers
• Oil extracting mills
• Textiles
• Commercial electric and hybrid vehicles

We’ve covered the technical aspects of induction motors, but maintaining them is essential to ensure their longevity and performance.

Learn more about the consequences of not greasing your industrial motor.

Additionally, explore tips on keeping your industrial motor healthy!

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